Make sure to visit your doctor if you have any of them. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Diabetes Symptoms. Doctors now recommend that all women planning to have a baby take folic acid. Women with diabetes are advised to take 5mg a day until they're 12 weeks pregnant only available on prescription. Folic acid should be taken alongside pregnancy multivitamins that include vitamin D.
Insulin and metformin are safe to take during pregnancy. It's important to review any other medications you take to ensure these are safe to take during pregnancy. You should also have your eyes checked. Retinopathy see above affects the blood vessels in the eyes and is a risk for all people with diabetes.
Pregnancy can place extra pressure on the small vessels in your eyes, so it's important to treat retinopathy before you become pregnant. Your GP or diabetes care team can give you further advice. Diabetes UK and JDRF also provide more useful information about pregnancy and diabetes to help you get your pregnancy off to a healthy start.
You'll be best equipped to manage your diabetes if you're given information and education when you're diagnosed, and then on an ongoing basis. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE strongly recommends that all people who have diabetes should be offered a structured patient education programme, providing information and education to help them care for themselves.
This gives people the best chance of developing the skills they need to effectively treat their condition, maintain their glucose levels at a normal level and help prevent long-term complications.
It also reduces the risk of developing hypoglycaemia low blood glucose levels. There are also several local adult education programmes, many of which are working towards the criteria for structured education. Ask your diabetes care team about the adult education programmes they provide. For a parent whose child is diagnosed with a life-long condition, the job of parenting becomes even tougher.
Although being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes will involve coming to terms with the diagnosis, getting used to treatment and making changes to everyday life, your child can still lead a normal and healthy life.
The Diabetes UK website has information and advice about your child and diabetes. Many people find it helpful to talk to others in a similar position, and you may find support from a group for people with diabetes. Patient organisations have local groups where you can meet others who've been diagnosed with the condition. The Diabetes UK website enables you to find your local diabetes support group. Some people with diabetes may be eligible to receive disability benefits and incapacity benefits, depending on the impact the condition has on their life.
The main groups likely to qualify for welfare benefits are children, elderly people, people with learning disabilities or mental health problems, and those with complications of diabetes.
People over 65 who are severely disabled, may qualify for a type of disability benefit called Attendance Allowance. Carers may also be entitled to some benefit too, depending on their involvement in caring for the person with diabetes. Both they and your diabetes specialist nurse should also be able to give you advice about filling in the forms.
It's a common myth that people with diabetes aren't allowed to drive anymore. Although there are some restrictions on drivers with diabetes, it's not as severe as you may think. You should always tell your insurer that you are diabetic as this may affect your insurance claim. Only individuals who use insulin have to tell the DVLA that they have diabetes.
A high majority of individuals who use insulin can carry on driving on a restricted licence. This usually has to be renewed every 3 years. Additional restictions may apply for different licences e. Unfortunately, some individuals do lose their driving license, most commonly due to experiencing severe hypos or being unable to recognise symptoms of a hypo hypo unawareness. For more information about driving with diabetes, visit Diabetes UK. Home Illnesses and conditions Diabetes Type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes See all parts of this guide Hide guide parts 1. About type 1 diabetes 2. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes 3. Causes of type 1 diabetes 4. Diagnosing type 1 diabetes 5. Treating type 1 diabetes 6. Complications of type 1 diabetes 7. Living with type 1 diabetes.
About type 1 diabetes Diabetes is a lifelong condition that causes a person's blood glucose sugar level to become too high.
Read more about type 2 diabetes Another type of diabetes, known as gestational diabetes, occurs in some pregnant women and tends to disappear following birth. Type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but usually appears before the age of 40, particularly in childhood. When blood glucose is high, glucose is lost in your urine and you may become dehydrated.
Typical symptoms include: feeling very thirsty passing urine more often than usual, particularly at night feeling very tired all the time weight loss and loss of muscle bulk persistent infections such as thrush The symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually develop very quickly in young people over a few hours or days.
Read more about the symptoms of type 1 diabetes Causes of type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, where the immune system the body's natural defence against infection and illness mistakes the cells in your pancreas as harmful and attacks them. Read more about the causes of type 1 diabetes Treating type 1 diabetes It's important that diabetes is diagnosed as early as possible.
They are: islet cell transplantation — where healthy insulin-producing cells from the pancreas of a deceased donor are implanted into the pancreas of someone with type 1 diabetes a complete pancreas transplant — this is still relatively rare and only a few centres of excellence offer this. Read more about diagnosing diabetes and treating type 1 diabetes Complications If diabetes is left untreated, it can cause a number of different health problems.
Read more about the complications of type 1 diabetes Living with diabetes If you have type 1 diabetes, you'll need to look after your health very carefully. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes The symptoms of type 1 diabetes should disappear when you start taking insulin and you get the condition under control. The main symptoms of diabetes are: feeling very thirsty urinating more frequently than usual, particularly at night feeling very tired weight loss and loss of muscle bulk itchiness around the genital area, or regular bouts of thrush a yeast infection blurred vision caused by the lens of your eye changing shape Vomiting or heavy, deep breathing can also occur at a later stage.
When to seek urgent medical attention You should seek urgent medical attention if you have diabetes and develop: a loss of appetite nausea or vomiting a high temperature stomach pain fruity smelling breath — which may smell like pear drops or nail varnish some people can smell this themselves Hypoglycaemia low blood glucose If you have diabetes, your blood glucose levels can become very low. Symptoms of a "hypo" include: feeling shaky and irritable sweating tingling lips feeling weak feeling confused hunger nausea feeling sick A hypo can be brought under control simply by eating or drinking something sugary.
Read more about hypoglycaemia Hyperglycaemia high blood glucose As diabetes occurs as a result of your body being unable to produce any, or enough, insulin to regulate your blood glucose, your blood glucose levels may become very high. They include: extreme thirst a dry mouth blurred vision drowsiness a need to pass urine frequently Left untreated or if you already have an infection, hyperglycaemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis.
Causes of type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin. Autoimmune condition Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Diagnosing type 1 diabetes If you experience the symptoms of diabetes , you should visit your GP as soon as possible.
Urine and blood tests Your urine sample will be tested to see whether it contains glucose. Glycated haemoglobin HbA1c The glycated haemoglobin HbA1c test is another blood test that can be used to diagnose diabetes. However, you may need to have your HbA1c measured more frequently if: you've recently been diagnosed with diabetes your blood glucose remains too high your treatment plan has been changed you're planning a pregnancy Unlike other tests, the HbA1c test can be carried out at any time of day and doesn't require any special preparation, such as fasting.
Treating type 1 diabetes Monitoring blood glucose An important part of your treatment is to make sure that your blood glucose level is as normal and stable as possible.
Having your blood glucose levels checked You'll be measuring your blood glucose yourself every day, to check your levels. Treating hypoglycaemia low blood glucose Hypoglycaemia can occur when your blood glucose level becomes very low. Mild hypoglycaemia or a "hypo" can make you feel shaky, weak and hungry, and can be controlled by eating or drinking something sugary, such as: ml pure fruit juice 5 to 7 Dextrose tablets 4 to 5 Glucotabs 60ml Glucojuice 5 jelly babies You may also be able to take pure glucose, in the form of a tablet or fluid, if you need to control the symptoms of a hypo quickly.
Islet cell transplantation Some people with type 1 diabetes may benefit from a fairly new procedure known as islet cell transplantation. You may be suitable for an islet cell transplant if you've had: two or more severe hypos within the last two years and you have a poor awareness of hypoglycaemia a working kidney transplant, severe hypos and poor hypoglycaemia awareness, or poor blood glucose control even after receiving the best medical treatment You may not be suitable for an islet cell transplant if you: weigh over 85kg 13st 5.
Pancreas transplant People with type 1 diabetes who are having a kidney transplant from a donor may also be offered a pancreas transplant at the same time.
Treating high blood glucose hyperglycaemia Hyperglycaemia can occur when your blood glucose levels become too high. The signs of diabetic ketoacidosis include: frequently passing urine thirst tiredness and lethargy lack of energy blurry vision abdominal stomach pain nausea and vomiting deep breathing smell of ketones on breath described as smelling like pear drops collapse and unconsciousness Read more about the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis Your healthcare team will educate you on how to decrease your risk of ketoacidosis by testing your own blood for ketones using blood ketone sticks if you're unwell.
Other treatments Type 1 diabetes can lead to long-term complications. To reduce the chance of this, you may be advised to take: anti-hypertensive medicines to control high blood pressure a statin — such as simvastatin — to reduce high cholesterol levels low-dose aspirin to prevent stroke angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitor — such as enalapril, lisinopril or ramipril if you have the early signs of diabetic kidney disease Diabetic kidney disease is identified by the presence of small amounts of a protein called albumin in your urine.
Care standards for diabetes The aim of treating diabetes is to help people with the condition control their blood glucose levels and minimise the risk of developing future complications. Good diabetes care includes: access to information and appropriate support for people with type 1 diabetes, including access to a structured education programme an agreed care plan, helping all people with diabetes to manage their care and lead a healthy lifestyle — including a named contact for their care information, care and support to enable all people with diabetes to control their blood glucose, maintain an acceptable blood pressure and minimise other risk factors for developing complications access to services to identify and treat possible complications — such as screening for diabetic retinopathy where high blood glucose levels damage the retina at the back of the eye and specialised foot care effective care for all people with diabetes admitted to hospital, for whatever reason The Diabetes UK website has more information about care from healthcare professionals.
Complications of type 1 diabetes If diabetes isn't treated, it can lead to a number of different health problems. Heart disease and stroke If you have diabetes, you're up to five times more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke.
Talk to your doctor about how much weight is healthy for you to gain during pregnancy. To keep your weight in a healthy range, focus on permanent changes to your eating and exercise habits. Motivate yourself by remembering the benefits of losing weight, such as a healthier heart, more energy and improved self-esteem.
Sometimes medication is an option as well. Oral diabetes drugs such as metformin Glumetza, Fortamet, others may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes — but healthy lifestyle choices remain essential. Have your blood sugar checked at least once a year to check that you haven't developed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar glucose. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. More Information Diabetes care at Mayo Clinic Diabetes and depression: Coping with the two conditions How diabetes affects your blood sugar. More Information Diabetes care at Mayo Clinic Amputation and diabetes Bone and joint problems associated with diabetes Diabetes and foot care Diabetes and liver Show more related information.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Ferri FF. Diabetes mellitus. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed March 6, Standards of medical care in diabetes — Diabetes Care. Papadakis MA, et al. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. New York, N. Gabbe SG, et al. Diabetes mellitus complicating normal pregnancy. In: Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. Accessed Jan.
If you receive an A1C level of 6. Your doctor will diagnose prediabetes if your A1C level is between 5. Anything below an A1C level of 5. But your doctor may skip these tests if you have certain conditions, such as pregnancy, that will render the results inaccurate.
You should have these readings confirmed on a separate day. Your doctor may also recommend an oral glucose tolerance test. This test is used exclusively to diagnose gestational diabetes. During an oral glucose tolerance test your doctor will first ask you to perform a fasting blood sugar test.
Then, they will give you a sugary liquid to drink and will measure your blood sugar levels periodically over the next two hours.
Speak with your doctor about which screening method is right for you and what you can do to prepare. Check out: A complete list of diabetes medications ».
They can work with you to develop a diabetes management plan suited to your individual needs. Your management plan will likely include a combination of nutritional guidelines, an exercise regimen, and medications designed to keep your blood sugar levels in check.
They may also suggest regular blood sugar testing. It may take some trial and error to settle on a treatment plan that works the best for you. Be sure to talk to your healthcare team about any questions or concerns that you may have. Keep reading: 10 tips for starting insulin therapy ».
A blood sugar test measures the amount of sugar in your blood. This test helps diagnosis and manage diabetes. There are different types of blood sugar….
Recognizing the symptoms of type 2 diabetes can help you get effective treatment and manage your condition. These symptoms include high blood pressure,. If you live with diabetes, you can lower your A1C score by making minor changes to your routine. Learn more here.
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