A taxon is Critically Endangered CR when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
A taxon is Extinct In The Wild EW when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population or populations well outside the past range. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form. A taxon is Extinct EX when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. This is an incredible achievement.
However, our work is nowhere near complete. We need to more than double the number of wild species plants, animals and fungi assessed. Our current goal is to have , species assessed. This is only achievable with support from people like you. Please enter your e-mail address and password below. Globally, the total number of Internet users is projected to grow from 3. In terms of population, this represents 51 percent of the global population in and 66 percent of global population penetration by Figure 1.
While the growth in the number of Internet users is a global trend, we do see regional variations Table 1. While the region with the highest adoption throughout the forecast period is North America followed by Western Europe , the fastest growth is projected to occur in the Middle East and Africa 10 percent CAGR expected from to Table 1.
Internet users as a percentage of regional population. Asia Pacific. Central and Eastern Europe. Latin America. Middle East and Africa. North America. Western Europe. Globally, devices and connections are growing faster 10 percent CAGR than both the population 1. This trend is accelerating the increase in the average number of devices and connections per household and per capita. Each year, various new devices in different form factors with increased capabilities and intelligence are introduced and adopted in the market.
A growing number of M2M applications, such as smart meters, video surveillance, healthcare monitoring, transportation, and package or asset tracking, are contributing in a major way to the growth of devices and connections.
By , M2M connections will be half or 50 percent of the total devices and connections. M2M connections will be the fastest-growing device and connections category, growing nearly 2. Smartphones will grow the second fastest, at a 7 percent CAGR increasing by a factor of 1.
PCs will continue to decline a 2. However, there will more PCs than tablets throughout the forecast period and by the end of 1. By , the consumer share of the total devices, including both fixed and mobile devices, will be 74 percent, with business claiming the remaining 26 percent. Consumer share will grow at a slightly slower rate, at a 9.
Globally, the average number of devices and connections per capita will grow from 2. Among the countries that will have the highest average of per capita devices and connections by are the United States Table 2. Average number of devices and connections per capita.
It is important to track the changing mix of devices and connections and growth in multidevice ownership as it affects traffic patterns. Video devices, in particular, can have a multiplier effect on traffic. An Internet-enabled HD television that draws couple - three hours of content per day from the Internet would generate as much Internet traffic as an entire household today, on an average. Video effect of the devices on traffic is more pronounced because of the introduction of Ultra-High-Definition UHD , or 4K, video streaming.
This technology has such an effect because the bit rate for 4K video at about 15 to 18 Mbps is more than double the HD video bit rate and nine times more than Standard-Definition SD video bit rate.
We estimate that by , two-thirds 66 percent of the installed flat-panel TV sets will be UHD, up from 33 percent in Figure 3. M2M applications across many industries accelerate IoT growth. Internet of Things IoT have become a prevalent system in which people, processes, data, and things connect to the Internet and each other. Globally, M2M connections will grow 2. There will be 1.
Connected home applications, such as home automation, home security and video surveillance, connected white goods, and tracking applications, will represent 48 percent, or nearly half, of the total M2M connections by , showing the pervasiveness of M2M in our lives Figure 5.
Connected car applications such as fleet management, in-vehicle entertainment systems, emergency calling, Internet, vehicle diagnostics and navigation etc. Connected cities applications will have the second-fastest growth, at 26 percent CAGR. While traditionally the traffic from M2M connections has been less than that from the end user devices such as smartphones, TV sets and PCs, we estimate that the amount of traffic is growing faster than the number of connections because of the increase of deployment of video applications on M2M connections and the increased use of applications, such as telemedicine and smart car navigation systems, which require greater bandwidth and lower latency.
Globally, the total number of mobile subscribers those subscribing to a cellular service is going to grow from 5. Relative to the growth in Internet users we see slow down occurring in the mobile subscriber growth — this is primarily as the penetration levels have already crossed 60 percent range. While there are regional differences in the mobile subscriber penetration of the regional population Table 3 , the range of variations is much smaller relative to the overall Internet users that we saw in the previous analysis.
While the region with the highest adoption throughout the forecast period is North America, followed by Western Europe, the fastest growth is going to occur in Middle East and Africa at 4 percent CAGR from to While the adoption rates for mobile above 60 percent of the population in are already quite high across all regions, we do see that Middle East and Africa has a bit of catch up to do and that is reflected in higher growth rates relative to other regions.
Table 3. Mobile subscribers as a percentage of regional population. The ever-changing mix and growth of wireless devices that are accessing mobile networks worldwide is one of the primary contributors to global mobile traffic growth. Each year several new devices in different form factors and increased capabilities and intelligence are introduced in the market. In the last couple of years, we have seen a rise of phablets and more recently we have seen many new M2M connections coming into the mix.
There were 8. By , there will be 8. Regionally, North America and Western Europe are going to have the fastest growth in mobile devices and connections with 16 percent and 11 percent CAGR from to , respectively. We see a rapid decline in the share of non-smartphones from 27 percent in 2.
Another significant trend is the growth of smartphones including phablets from 4. Even though smartphones are growing absolutely, the relative share is declining from 56 percent in to 51 percent by This is because of the most noticeable growth in M2M connections.
M2M mobile connections will cross over a third 34 percent of total devices and connections by Along with the overall growth in the number of mobile devices and connections, there is clearly a visible shift in the device mix. Mobile devices are evolving from lower-generation network connectivity 2G to higher-generation network connectivity 3G, 3. Combining device capabilities with faster, higher bandwidth and more intelligent networks will facilitate broad experimentation and adoption of advanced multimedia applications that contribute to increased mobile and Wi-Fi traffic.
The explosion of mobile applications and the expanded reach of mobile connectivity to a growing number of end users has prompted the need for optimized bandwidth management and new network monetization models to sustain a maturing mobile industry.
In a highly competitive mobile market, we have seen the growth of global 4G deployments as well as early-stage 5G implementations. The global mobile 4G connections will grow from 3. Starting this year, we are combining our analysis of 2G and 3G into 3G and below category as the lack of source data has made it difficult to split the two categories.
This type of ultra-narrowband wireless network connectivity is meant specifically for M2M modules that require low bandwidth and wide geographic coverage. It provides high coverage with low power consumption, module, and connectivity costs, thereby creating new M2M use cases for Mobile Network Operators MNOs that cellular networks alone could not have addressed.
Examples include utility meters in residential basements, gas or water meters that do not have power connection, streetlights, and pet or personal asset trackers. This transition from 3G and below to 4G and now 5G deployment is a global trend Table 4. By , North America will be the region with highest share of connections on 5G at 17 percent. Table 4. Mobile connections by network type — regional percentage share. The top three 5G countries in terms of percent of devices and connections share on 5G will be China The phenomenal growth in mobile end-user devices and M2M connections is a clear indicator of the growth of mobile IoT, which is bringing together people, processes, data, and things to make networked connections more relevant and valuable.
Globally, mobile M2M connections will grow from 1. Figure 9. With advances and ratifications in Wi-Fi standards, dense environments with many concurrently connecting devices and IoT connections such as airports, public transportation, retail, healthcare, smart cities, stadiums etc.
Globally, there will be nearly million public Wi-Fi hotspots by , up from million hotspots in , a fourfold increase. By , Asia Pacific will have the highest share of global public Wi-Fi hotspots at 46 percent. Public Wi-Fi along with community hotspots are included in the forecast.
Community hotspots or homespots have emerged as a potentially significant element of the public Wi-Fi landscape. In this model, subscribers allow part of the capacity of their residential gateway to be open to casual use. The homespots may be provided by a broadband or other provider directly or through a partner.
Asia Pacific will lead in adoption of homespots. By , China will lead in total number of homespots, followed by the United States and Japan. Retail establishments will have the highest number of hotspots by globally, and the fastest growth is in healthcare facilities hospitals , where hotspots will triple over the forecast period.
The primary objective of Wi-Fi in hospitals is to improve the delivery of healthcare services and staff productivity, with a secondary benefit being Internet access for patients, their families, and their guests. Integral to these verticals and looking into the future are the game-changing IoT devices and connections. According to the WBA Alliance, there is a need to find a dynamic way for IoT devices to search for a computable network and automatically roam between Wi-Fi and mobile networks at scale without intervention.
Additionally, interest in data analytics and recommendation engines resulting in Wi-Fi advertising and location services is growing as service providers search for new ways to monetize Wi-Fi and generate new revenue streams.
Critical enablers of Hotspot 2. The prevalence of IEEE By , IEEE The latest It will enable dense IoT deployments. Wi-Fi has a powerful role to play alongside other small cell technologies in delivering key use cases going forward in the 5G Era. Effects of accelerating speeds on traffic growth. Broadband speed is a crucial enabler of IP traffic. Broadband-speed improvements result in increased consumption and use of high-bandwidth content and applications.
The global average broadband speed continues to grow and will more than double from to , from Table 5 shows the projected broadband speeds from to Several factors influence the fixed broadband-speed forecast, including the deployment and adoption of Fiber-To-The-Home FTTH , high-speed DSL, and cable broadband adoption, as well as overall broadband penetration.
Among the countries covered by this study, Japan, South Korea, and Sweden lead in terms of broadband speed largely because of their wide deployment of FTTH. Table 5. Fixed broadband speeds in Mbps , — Consider how long it takes to download an HD movie at these speeds: at 10 Mbps, it takes 20 minutes; at 25 Mbps, it takes 9 minutes; but at Mbps, it takes only 2 minutes. High-bandwidth speeds will be essential to support consumer cloud storage, making the download of large multimedia files as fast as a transfer from a hard drive.
Table 6 shows the percentage of broadband connections that will be faster than 10 Mbps 96 percent by , 25 Mbps 88 percent by , and Mbps 39 percent by by region.
Table 6. Broadband speed greater than 10 Mbps, — Several countries also have users that currently experience greater than Mbps, paving the path for the future demands of video. Globally, the average mobile network connection speed in was The average speed will more than triple and will be Anecdotal evidence supports the idea that overall use increases when speed increases, although there is often a delay between the increase in speed and the increased use, which can range from a few months to several years.
The reverse can also be true with the burstiness associated with the adoption of wild card applications with IoT, VR and AR, cloud gaming on tablets and smartphones, where there is a delay in experiencing the speeds that the devices can support.
Table 7. Average mobile network connection speeds in Mbps by region and country. Global speed: All handsets. Forward projections for mobile data speeds are based on third-party forecasts for the relative proportions of 2G, 3G, 3. A crucial factor promoting the increase in mobile speeds over the forecast period is the increasing proportion of 4G mobile connections and the rise of 5G connections.
The effect of 4G and 5G connections on traffic is significant, because they contribute to a disproportionate amount of mobile data traffic. Globally, Wi-Fi connection speeds originated from dual-mode mobile devices will triple by The average Wi-Fi network connection speed Asia Pacific will experience the highest Wi-Fi speeds, Wi-Fi speeds inherently depend on the quality of the broadband connection to the premises.
The latest standards, Wi-Fi6 and Wi-Fi 5, are considered to be a true wired complement and can enable higher definition video streaming and services that require higher data rates. Select Reels at the bottom of the Instagram camera. Reels can be recorded in a series of clips one at a time , all at once, or using video uploads from your gallery. Record the first clip by pressing and holding the capture button. Stop recording to end each clip. With Reels, you can share with your followers and can be discovered by the huge, diverse Instagram community on Explore.
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